Tư tưởng cải cách của Phan Thanh Giản qua thư từ và tấu sớ

Abstract

This article analyzes the memorials submitted to the court and correspondence of Phan Thanh Gian to clarify his reform proposals in the context of Vietnam during the second half of the nineteenth century. Unlike previous studies, which have largely focused on his diplomatic activities or debates surrounding his political role, this study adopts an intellectual history approach based on an analysis of primary sources. The findings shed light on Phan Thanh Gian’s reform proposals in four major areas: domestic governance, public welfare, national defense, and foreign affairs. They also reveal both the practical dimensions of his proposals and the limitations of his understanding in the face of the profound changes of his time. By providing additional historical sources and further clarifying the characteristics of Phan Thanh Gian’s reformist thought, this study contributes to a better understanding of his position within the broader current of reformist thought in Vietnam during the second half of the nineteenth century.