Cuộc tập kết chuyển quân ở Nam Bộ năm 1954: Quá trình, đặc điểm và ý nghĩa lịch sử

Abstract

After the signing of the Geneva Agreement in 1954, the troop regrouping in Southern Vietnam represented a pivotal turning point in the revolutionary trajectory of Vietnam. This study approaches the event not merely as a military–administrative operation, but as a multidimensional phenomenon encompassing political, social, and cultural dimensions. Theoretically, the regrouping can be analyzed through frameworks of wartime force transfer, international legitimacy of revolutionary movements, and the role of mass mobilization in political processes.

A historiography review indicates that earlier studies emphasized Vietnam’s commitment to the Geneva Agreement and the role of Southern armed forces and civilians in sustaining local revolutionary movements. More recent scholarship has highlighted the social aspects, particularly the contribution of local populations in logistics, protection, and consolidation of military–civilian solidarity. However, there remains a significant gap in analyzing the long-term impact of the regrouping on the organizational modes of the Southern revolution during the subsequent resistance against the United States.

Building on this theoretical foundation and historical review, the paper develops the hypothesis that the regrouping in Southern Vietnam was not simply a contingent military–political event, but rather a strategic organizational model. It contributed to shaping the dual operational structure of the revolution in both regions and laid the groundwork for the long-term development of the struggle movement. This hypothesis opens a new analytical approach, enabling the regrouping to be examined as a composite historical phenomenon in which military, political, social, and cultural factors interacted to generate revolutionary strength.