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Date Published: 09/12/2025
Abstract Views: 11
Issue
Vol. 15 No. Online First: Natural Sciences (in Vietnamese)
Section
Natural Sciences Issue (Vietnamese)
How to Cite
Phạm, H. T., & Ngo, T. T. (2025). Spin-1 Ising model with biquadratic exchange interaction in an external magnetic field: A theoretical study within the mean-field approximation. Dong Thap University Journal of Science, 15(Online First). https://dthujs.vn/index.php/dthujs/article/view/2355

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Spin-1 Ising model with biquadratic exchange interaction in an external magnetic field: A theoretical study within the mean-field approximation  

Hương Thảo Phạm1, , Ngô Thị Thuận2
1 Trường Đại học Sư phạm, Đại học Huế
2 Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue city, Vietnam

Main Article Content

Abstract

The spin-1 Ising model with bilinear and biquadratic exchange interactions in an external magnetic field is studied on a simple two-dimensional square lattice within the mean-field approximation. The obtained results show the existence of dipolar or quadrupolar order, depending on the variation in the strength of the two types of interactions in the absence of a magnetic field. Furthermore, the influence of the external magnetic field on these order is also investigated in detail. These results are analyzed through the presence of spin-1 states with nonzero magnetic moment (i.e., Sz = \pm 1) and zero magnetic moment (i.e., Sz = 0).

Keywords

Spin-1 Ising model, bilinear exchange interaction, biquadratic exchange interaction, mean-field approximation

Article Details

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

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