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Date Published: 03/03/2026
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DOI: 10.52714/dthu.15.2.2026.1749
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Vol. 15 No. 2 (2026): Natural Sciences Issue (Vietnamese)
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Natural Sciences Issue (Vietnamese)
How to Cite
Ngo, T. T., & Pham, H. T. (2026). Spin-1 Ising model with biquadratic exchange interaction in an external magnetic field: A theoretical study within the mean-field approximation. Dong Thap University Journal of Science, 15(2), 30-38. https://doi.org/10.52714/dthu.15.2.2026.1749

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Spin-1 Ising model with biquadratic exchange interaction in an external magnetic field: A theoretical study within the mean-field approximation  

Ngô Thị Thuận1, Huong Thao Pham2,
1 Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue city, Vietnam
2 Faculty of Physics, University of Education, Hue University, Hue city, Vietnam

Main Article Content

Abstract

The spin-1 Ising model with bilinear and biquadratic exchange interactions in an external magnetic field is studied on a simple two-dimensional square lattice within the mean-field approximation. The obtained results show the existence of dipolar or quadrupolar order, depending on the variation in the strength of the two types of interactions in the absence of a magnetic field. Furthermore, the influence of the external magnetic field on these order is also investigated in detail. These results are analyzed through the presence of spin-1 states with nonzero magnetic moment (i.e., Sz = \pm 1) and zero magnetic moment (i.e., Sz = 0).

Keywords

Bilinear exchange interaction, biquadratic exchange interaction, mean-field approximation, Spin-1 Ising model

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

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