Một số biện pháp phát triển năng lực giải quyết vấn đề toán học cho học sinh lớp 7 trong dạy học chủ đề số vô tỉ

Abstract

Developing mathematical problem-solving competence is a key requirement in mathematics education under the 2018 General Education Curriculum. However, The Grade 7 students often encounter difficulties when learning the topic of irrational numbers due to its abstract concepts. This paper identifies the manifestations of mathematical problem-solving competence in learning irrational numbers and to propose appropriate teaching measures to develop this competence. Theoretical analysis was combined with an examination of curriculum content and teaching practice. The results indicate that mathematical problem-solving competence can be characterized by three main manifestations: identifying and proposing solutions to problems, implementing problem-solving processes, and evaluating and generalizing results. Thereby, three teaching measures are proposed, including exploiting typical misconceptions, organizing a sequence of learning tasks with increasing levels of difficulty, and enhancing evaluation and generalization activities after problem-solving. The study contributes to clarifying an approach to competence-based teaching in the topic of irrational numbers and provides a reference for teachers in organizing instruction aimed at developing students’ mathematical competence.