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03/05/2026
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Ngo, T. M. D., Tran, N. T., Phan, A. H., Nguyen, T. L., & Ngo, H. D. (2026). Synthesis of the Fe2O3/CoFe2O4 composite nanomaterials for application as anode in lithium – ion batteries. Dong Thap University Journal of Science, Online First, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.52714/dthu.ns.2483.1881
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Synthesis of the Fe2O3/CoFe2O4 composite nanomaterials for application as anode in lithium – ion batteries
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Abstract
In this study, Fe2O3/CoFe2O4 (CFO) nanocomposites were synthesized by a simple co-precipitation method at pH values from 9 to 11 and heat treated at 750°C for 3 h. XRD results confirmed the existence of two phases CoFe2O4 and Fe2O3, with the degree of crystallinity increasing with increasing pH. SEM images showed that the particle size decreased from ~51 nm to ~35 nm with increasing pH and the particle distribution was more uniform. When applied as anode electrodes for Li-ion batteries, CFO electrodes exhibited high discharge capacity and stability after multiple cycles. The CFO_pH 10 sample achieved the highest capacity at the first cycle (969.12 mAh/g) and maintained 906.97 mAh/g after 40 cycles, with a Coulomb efficiency of nearly 100% from the second cycle. The variation in grain size, crystallinity, and phase distribution between samples directly affects the electrochemical performance. The results show that CFO is a potential material to replace commercial graphite as an anode for lithium-ion batteries.
Keywords
Anode Material, CoFe2O4, Electrochemical Performance, Fe2O3, Lithium-Ion Battery, Nanocomposite
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
References
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Dong, L., Wang, Z., Mi, C., Zhao, W., Qin, C., Luo, C., & Wang, Z. (2024). Defect-rich hierarchical porous spinel MFe2O4 (M = Ni, Co, Fe, Mn) as high-performance anode for lithium ion batteries. Materials Today Chemistry, 35, 101853. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtchem.2023.101853
Dong, Y., Chui, Y.-S., Yang, X., Ma, R., Lee, J.-M., & Zapien, J. A. (2015). Facile Synthesis of Hollow Mesoporous CoFe2O4 Nanospheres and Graphene Composites as High-Performance Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries. ChemElectroChem, 2(7), 1010-1018. https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.201500046
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Jin, Y.-H., Seo, S.-D., Shim, H.-W., Park, K.-S., & Kim, D.-W. (2012). Synthesis of core/shell spinel ferrite/carbon nanoparticles with enhanced cycling stability for lithium ion battery anodes. Nanotechnology, 23(12), 125402. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/23/12/125402
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Narsimulu, D., Rao, B. N., Nagaraju, G., Yu, J. S., & Satyanarayana, N. (2020). Enhanced energy storage performance of nanocrystalline Sm-doped CoFe2O4 as an effective anode material for Li-ion battery applications. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 24(1), 225-236. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-019-04484-2
Ruiz-Agudo, C., Putnis, C. V., Ruiz-Agudo, E., & Putnis, A. (2015). The influence of pH on barite nucleation and growth. Chemical Geology, 391, 7-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.10.023
Safi, R., Ghasemi, A., Shoja-Razavi, R., & Tavousi, M. (2015). The role of pH on the particle size and magnetic consequence of cobalt ferrite. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 396, 288-294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2015.08.022
Wang, J., Zhang, H., Lv, X., Nie, K., Gao, X., Zhong, J., & Sun, X. (2016). Self-supported ultrathin mesoporous CoFe2O4/CoO nanosheet arrays assembled from nanowires with enhanced lithium storage performance. Journal of Materials Science, 51(14), 6590-6599. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-016-9902-y
Wang, Y., Su, D., Ung, A., Ahn, J.-h., & Wang, G. (2012). Hollow CoFe2O4 nanospheres as a high capacity anode material for lithium ion batteries. Nanotechnology, 23(5), 055402. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/23/5/055402
Wang, Y., Wu, S., Wang, C., Wang, Y., & Han, X. (2019). Morphology controllable synthesis of NiO/NiFe2O4 hetero-structures for ultrafast lithium-ion battery. Frontiers in Chemistry, 6, 654. https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2018.00654
Wang, Y., Yang, L., Hu, R., Sun, W., Liu, J., Ouyang, L., Yuan, B., Wang, H., & Zhu, M. (2015). A stable and high-capacity anode for lithium-ion battery: Fe2O3 wrapped by few layered graphene. Journal of Power Sources, 288, 314-319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.04.076
Wu, N., Shen, J., Sun, L., Yuan, M., Shao, Y., Ma, J., Liu, G., Guo, D., Liu, X., & He, Y.-B. (2019). Hierarchical N-doped graphene coated 1D cobalt oxide microrods for robust and fast lithium storage at elevated temperature. Electrochimica Acta, 310, 70-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2019.04.115
Xia, H., Zhu, D., Fu, Y., & Wang, X. (2012). CoFe2O4-graphene nanocomposite as a high-capacity anode material for lithium-ion batteries. Electrochimica Acta, 83, 166-174. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2012.08.027
Zhang, C., Chen, Z., Wang, H., Nie, Y., & Yan, J. (2021). Porous Fe2O3 Nanoparticles as Lithium-Ion Battery Anode Materials. ACS Applied Nano Materials, 4(9), 8744-8752. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.1c01312
Zhang, J., Jiang, H., Zeng, Y., Zhang, Y., & Guo, H. (2019). Oxygen-defective Co3O4 for pseudo-capacitive lithium storage. Journal of Power Sources, 439, 227026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.227026
Zhao, L., Ding, B., Qin, X.-Y., Wang, Z., Lv, W., He, Y.-B., Yang, Q.-H., & Kang, F. (2022). Revisiting the Roles of Natural Graphite in Ongoing Lithium-Ion Batteries. Advanced Materials, 34(18), 2106704. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202106704
Zheng, X., Shen, G., Li, Y., Duan, H., Yang, X., Huang, S., Wang, H., Wang, C., Deng, Z., & Su, B.-L. (2013). Self-templated synthesis of microporous CoO nanoparticles with highly enhanced performance for both photocatalysis and lithium-ion batteries [10.1039/C2TA00536K]. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 1(4), 1394-1400. https://doi.org/10.1039/C2TA00536K
Buqa, H., Goers, D., Holzapfel, M., Spahr, M. E., & Novák, P. (2005). High rate capability of graphite negative electrodes for lithium-ion batteries. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 152(2), A474. https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1851055
Dong, L., Wang, Z., Mi, C., Zhao, W., Qin, C., Luo, C., & Wang, Z. (2024). Defect-rich hierarchical porous spinel MFe2O4 (M = Ni, Co, Fe, Mn) as high-performance anode for lithium ion batteries. Materials Today Chemistry, 35, 101853. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtchem.2023.101853
Dong, Y., Chui, Y.-S., Yang, X., Ma, R., Lee, J.-M., & Zapien, J. A. (2015). Facile Synthesis of Hollow Mesoporous CoFe2O4 Nanospheres and Graphene Composites as High-Performance Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries. ChemElectroChem, 2(7), 1010-1018. https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.201500046
Huang, G., Zhang, F., Zhang, L., Du, X., Wang, J., & Wang, L. (2014). Hierarchical NiFe2O4/Fe2O3 nanotubes derived from metal organic frameworks for superior lithium ion battery anodes [10.1039/C4TA00200H]. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2(21), 8048-8053. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4TA00200H
Jin, Y.-H., Seo, S.-D., Shim, H.-W., Park, K.-S., & Kim, D.-W. (2012). Synthesis of core/shell spinel ferrite/carbon nanoparticles with enhanced cycling stability for lithium ion battery anodes. Nanotechnology, 23(12), 125402. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/23/12/125402
Li, Z. H., Zhao, T. P., Zhan, X. Y., Gao, D. S., Xiao, Q. Z., & Lei, G. T. (2010). High capacity three-dimensional ordered macroporous CoFe2O4 as anode material for lithium ion batteries. Electrochimica Acta, 55(15), 4594-4598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2010.03.015
Liu, S., Liu, X., Zhao, J., Tong, Z., Wang, J., Ma, X., Chi, C., Su, D., Liu, X., & Li, Y. (2016). Three dimensional hierarchically porous crystalline MnO2 structure design for a high rate performance lithium-ion battery anode. RSC Advances, 6(88), 85222-85229. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6RA16430G
Narsimulu, D., Rao, B. N., Nagaraju, G., Yu, J. S., & Satyanarayana, N. (2020). Enhanced energy storage performance of nanocrystalline Sm-doped CoFe2O4 as an effective anode material for Li-ion battery applications. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 24(1), 225-236. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-019-04484-2
Ruiz-Agudo, C., Putnis, C. V., Ruiz-Agudo, E., & Putnis, A. (2015). The influence of pH on barite nucleation and growth. Chemical Geology, 391, 7-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.10.023
Safi, R., Ghasemi, A., Shoja-Razavi, R., & Tavousi, M. (2015). The role of pH on the particle size and magnetic consequence of cobalt ferrite. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 396, 288-294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2015.08.022
Wang, J., Zhang, H., Lv, X., Nie, K., Gao, X., Zhong, J., & Sun, X. (2016). Self-supported ultrathin mesoporous CoFe2O4/CoO nanosheet arrays assembled from nanowires with enhanced lithium storage performance. Journal of Materials Science, 51(14), 6590-6599. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-016-9902-y
Wang, Y., Su, D., Ung, A., Ahn, J.-h., & Wang, G. (2012). Hollow CoFe2O4 nanospheres as a high capacity anode material for lithium ion batteries. Nanotechnology, 23(5), 055402. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/23/5/055402
Wang, Y., Wu, S., Wang, C., Wang, Y., & Han, X. (2019). Morphology controllable synthesis of NiO/NiFe2O4 hetero-structures for ultrafast lithium-ion battery. Frontiers in Chemistry, 6, 654. https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2018.00654
Wang, Y., Yang, L., Hu, R., Sun, W., Liu, J., Ouyang, L., Yuan, B., Wang, H., & Zhu, M. (2015). A stable and high-capacity anode for lithium-ion battery: Fe2O3 wrapped by few layered graphene. Journal of Power Sources, 288, 314-319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.04.076
Wu, N., Shen, J., Sun, L., Yuan, M., Shao, Y., Ma, J., Liu, G., Guo, D., Liu, X., & He, Y.-B. (2019). Hierarchical N-doped graphene coated 1D cobalt oxide microrods for robust and fast lithium storage at elevated temperature. Electrochimica Acta, 310, 70-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2019.04.115
Xia, H., Zhu, D., Fu, Y., & Wang, X. (2012). CoFe2O4-graphene nanocomposite as a high-capacity anode material for lithium-ion batteries. Electrochimica Acta, 83, 166-174. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2012.08.027
Zhang, C., Chen, Z., Wang, H., Nie, Y., & Yan, J. (2021). Porous Fe2O3 Nanoparticles as Lithium-Ion Battery Anode Materials. ACS Applied Nano Materials, 4(9), 8744-8752. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.1c01312
Zhang, J., Jiang, H., Zeng, Y., Zhang, Y., & Guo, H. (2019). Oxygen-defective Co3O4 for pseudo-capacitive lithium storage. Journal of Power Sources, 439, 227026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.227026
Zhao, L., Ding, B., Qin, X.-Y., Wang, Z., Lv, W., He, Y.-B., Yang, Q.-H., & Kang, F. (2022). Revisiting the Roles of Natural Graphite in Ongoing Lithium-Ion Batteries. Advanced Materials, 34(18), 2106704. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202106704
Zheng, X., Shen, G., Li, Y., Duan, H., Yang, X., Huang, S., Wang, H., Wang, C., Deng, Z., & Su, B.-L. (2013). Self-templated synthesis of microporous CoO nanoparticles with highly enhanced performance for both photocatalysis and lithium-ion batteries [10.1039/C2TA00536K]. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 1(4), 1394-1400. https://doi.org/10.1039/C2TA00536K
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