Rèn luyện tư duy thuận nghịch cho học sinh lớp 4 qua hoạt động giải toán: một số biện pháp sư phạm

Abstract

Reversible thinking is a type of reasoning commonly used in primary mathematics education, helping students develop the ability to think bidirectionally between given data and results. This, in turn, enhances their problem-solving skills and fosters comprehensive intellectual growth. Recognizing the essential role of reversible thinking in mathematics learning, this article proposes several specific measures to cultivate this cognitive skill among Grade 4 students through problem-solving activities. These measures built upon a foundation of scientific theory, closely following the current curriculum content, and tailored to the psychological characteristics of primary school learners. The study used theoretical research methods, pratical research methods, and pedagogical experiments to verify the effectiveness of the proposed measures. The results indicated that students who applied these measures showed significant improvements in reasoning ability, cognitive flexibility, and confidence in solving a variety of mathematical problems. Therefore, this approach not only improves mathematics learning outcomes but also contributes to the sustainable development of students’ mathematical thinking competencies.